The relevant characteristics of enzyme preparations and their application in animal feed

　　Analysis of Relevant Characteristics of Enzyme Preparations

　　The function of using enzyme preparations

　　Feed contains various anti nutritional factors, which can limit the release of nutrients in the feed. In addition, the lack or absence of digestive enzymes in the animal's gastrointestinal tract can lead to a lower digestion rate of feed, affecting the utilization rate of feed and hindering the healthy growth of animals. The application of enzyme preparations can effectively overcome anti nutritional factors in feed and fully tap into the potential nutritional value of feed materials. The application of enzyme preparations can significantly improve the utilization rate of nutrients such as protein and starch, greatly enhance the selectivity of feed raw materials, help reduce feed costs, and effectively expand the application range of raw materials.

　　At the same time, the application of enzyme preparations in feed also helps to reduce the differences in nutritional value among raw materials, thereby reducing the impact of differences in raw material quality on feed quality. The application of enzyme preparations can also reduce the moisture content in animal feces and effectively inhibit diarrhea. In addition, the application of enzyme preparations in feed also helps promote the health of animal intestines, while increasing the absorption rate of feed nutrients by animals, thereby reducing the excretion of nutrients in animal feces. This not only helps to ensure animal nutrition, but also reduces pollution to the environment.

　　Reasons for inconsistent use of enzyme preparations

　　The application of enzyme preparations is influenced by various factors, resulting in inconsistent results. Factors such as feed composition, corresponding environment, and application conditions can all affect the effectiveness of use. In addition, the breed of animals can also affect the effectiveness of enzyme preparations. For example, in general, the application effect of enzyme preparations in pig feed is relatively poor, while the application effect in poultry feed is better. The reason for this situation is that there are differences in digestive capacity and the duration of chyme passing through the digestive tract between pigs and poultry. Compared to poultry, feed takes longer to pass through the digestive tract of pigs, so pigs have better digestion and absorption of feed nutrients. At the same time, the gastrointestinal capacity of pigs is larger than that of poultry, so they are relatively less affected by viscous chyme.

　　In addition, the age of animals is also an important factor affecting the effectiveness of enzyme preparations. In general, if the digestive system of animals is not fully developed, the use of enzyme preparations is more effective. For example, adding enzyme preparations to the feed of young animals can better exert the effects and effects of enzyme preparations. This is because young animals have limited ability to secrete digestive enzymes, so adding enzyme preparations can have a greater effect. As animals age, their ability to secrete digestive enzymes gradually increases, resulting in a decrease in the effectiveness of enzyme preparations.

　　In addition, the quality of feed is also an important factor affecting the effectiveness of enzyme preparations. The quality of feed mainly depends on the anti nutritional factors contained in the feed raw materials. The higher the content of anti nutritional factors, the lower the quality of feed, and vice versa, the higher the quality of feed. For example, soluble non starch polysaccharides in wheat belong to anti nutritional factors. The application of enzyme preparations in poor quality feed can better utilize the role of enzyme preparations in overcoming anti nutritional factors, therefore the application effect of enzyme preparations in poor quality feed is more significant. However, in high-quality feed, due to the low content of anti nutritional factors, the role of enzyme preparations cannot be fully utilized. It can be seen that the quality of feed will greatly affect the effectiveness of enzyme preparations.

　　The main types of enzyme preparations

　　Enzyme preparation acting on sticky grains

　　This type of enzyme preparation mainly includes β - glucanase and xylanase. Barley and wheat contain β - glucan and soluble non starch polysaccharides, which can effectively overcome the anti nutritional factors in barley and wheat. Under normal circumstances, the content of soluble non starch polysaccharides directly affects the low nutritional value of barley and wheat, increases the viscosity of digestive products to a certain extent, affects animal digestion of feed, and leads to a decrease in the absorption rate of nutrients in feed. At the same time, an increase in viscosity can greatly reduce the passage rate of chyme in the gastrointestinal tract, creating favorable conditions for bacterial growth, which can seriously threaten the intestinal health of animals. The application of enzyme preparations, especially for low-quality wheat, can have a significant effect, while for high-quality wheat, the use of enzyme preparations is not ideal.

　　Enzyme preparations acting on non sticky grains

　　Non sticky grains mainly include sorghum and corn. Non sticky grains are usually the main diet for poultry. By adding enzyme preparations (containing active amylase), the utilization rate of non sticky grain nutrients in poultry can be further improved. At present, there are enzyme preparations specifically designed for sorghum and corn based feed on the market. Reasonable application can improve the digestibility of starch in non sticky grains, but the specific effect cannot be confirmed.

　　3 Microbial phytase enzymes

　　The substrate of microbial phytase is phytic acid, which is the main storage medium for phosphorus. According to relevant investigations and studies, the utilization rate of phytic acid phosphorus in plant-based materials by animals is not high, and there is still great room for improvement. This situation can lead to a large amount of phosphorus being excreted from the body through animal feces, which not only pollutes the environment but also hinders the healthy growth of animals. The application of microbial phytase can effectively improve this situation, therefore, the utilization rate of microbial phytase is very wide. Phytase can release phytate phosphorus from different feed materials.

　　4 amylase and protease

　　Starch enzymes and proteases are mainly added to the diet of young animals. Taking weaned piglets as an example, weaning can cause a sudden decrease in autonomous enzyme secretion, which can have adverse effects on the digestive function of piglets and also affect their absorption and digestion of nutrients. The addition of amylase and protease can effectively alleviate this situation, improve the digestive function of piglets, enhance their immune system, and promote their healthy growth.

　　5 Enzyme preparations acting on non cereal crops

　　In recent years, the application of soybeans and plant-based protein materials has become increasingly widespread, mainly including sunflower meal, leguminous grains, and palm kernel meal. The feed made from these plant-based proteins has been widely used in animal husbandry and has great development prospects. However, the high fiber and non starch polysaccharides contained in these raw materials can seriously affect the animal's digestion rate of nutrients. The application of non cereal enzyme preparations can improve the problem of low nutrient digestion caused by high fiber or non starch polysaccharides, creating more favorable conditions for the application of soybean and plant-based protein materials.

　　Application analysis of enzyme preparations in animal feed

　　At present, enzyme preparations used in feed are produced by microorganisms, and their production methods are divided into solid fermentation and liquid fermentation, with solid fermentation being more widely used. The quality of enzyme preparations produced by solid-state fermentation method is difficult to guarantee, and the fermentation level is low, while the yield of enzyme protein is not high. In addition, during the production process of pellet feed, high temperatures can greatly reduce enzyme activity, leading to a decrease in the effectiveness and efficacy of enzyme preparations. In response to this situation, attention should be paid to reducing the impact on enzyme activity during the application of enzyme preparations. At the same time, considering the complex nature of feed ingredients, it is advisable to add complex enzymes as much as possible. Compared to adding a single enzyme, the effect of adding complex enzymes will be more significant.

　　At the same time, in the production process of enzyme preparations, enzyme preparations produced by solid-state fermentation are mostly complex enzymes. These complex enzymes are usually dominated by one enzyme and contain several other enzymes, and have strong activity, which can fully exert the role of enzyme preparations. In addition, due to the significant differences in the types of crops planted in different regions of China, the types of feed for livestock in different areas vary. In addition, some manufacturers in China produce relatively single types of enzyme preparations, which will greatly limit the application scope of enzyme preparations. In the face of this situation, enzyme preparations should be developed based on the actual needs of the region to make them more targeted. Enzyme preparations should be used in combination with the needs of animals and the characteristics of animal diets to ensure their effectiveness.